TOPCON DIGITAL FUNDUS CAMERA-ANGIOGRAPHE

Article:

Angiography is the image of the blood vessels using water soluble ionic or non-ionic X-ray contrast injected into the bloodstream of the arteries (arteriography) or veins (venography). For lymphatics, oily contrast media are used.
Angiography is used to investigate normal and pathological states of the vessel luminal narrowing and obstruction particularly aneurysm or enlargement system. Also tumor conditions, arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and arteriovenous fistulas (AVF) or sources of bleeding are investigated with angiography. Complications are low, but differ slightly according to vessel access. In the arterial system, the lower complication rates are reported for femoral access with 1.73%, 2.98% for arteriography Translumbar, and highest for the transaxillary approach with 3.23%. These complications will mainly result from local problems, such as hematoma, pseudo aneurysms and arteriovenous fistulas, etc., or from the guide wire and manipulation of the catheter. The second group includes complications side effects of the contrast material in the renal and systemic effects or allergic reactions.
Today, pictures are taken, especially with digital subtraction techniques (digital angiography DSA), however shot, single or a rapid series can also be taken with exchangers fast film, cine mode (cine angiography for coronary arteries) or recordings as digital video directly from the screen of the image intensifier.
Injection of contrast medium in the arteries and veins is performed directly through a needle puncture or using an angiographic catheter inserted percutaneously most commonly made from polyurethane, polyethylene or nylon. Contrast injection is done by hand (mainly direct puncture or small caliber arteries) or injector pump.
The specific terminology is derived from 1) the organ to be imaged, for example, coronary, cerebral, renal, hepatic angiography, 2) the area of the vessel, for example, aortography, peripheral angiography, cavography 3) the method chosen from access to the desired vessel or organ area, eg direct arterio / or arterial venography / catheter venography, and 4) the choice of vessel access, eg, transfemoral, transaxillary, splenoportography, brachial Translumbar and direct or indirect. All these various terms may be used in combination as a super selective angiography transfemoral liver, which means the catheter was advanced into at least a second degree branch of the hepatic artery from a femoral approach.
Angiographic studies are routinely performed under local anesthesia. After infiltration of the skin and tissue surrounding the artery or vein to be punctured, a small skin incision is made and the artery is punctured with a needle angiographic. For percutaneous insertion of the catheter, the Seldinger technique is employed.